Physics Files and Assignments
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Ancillary Information
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Periodic Table of the Elements
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Dynamic Solar System View from the Earth
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Today's Solar System View from the Earth
Each horizontal division above represents 10-degrees on the sky or 40 minutes in time. To find out which, if any, planets are currently due south of you (for northern hemisphere residents) follow these steps. Find the Sun symbol. The Sun will be directly south at local high noon. If the time is before noon, count the number of 40-minute periods until noon and move that many divisions to the right of the Sun sign on the sky chart. If the time is after noon, count the number of 40-minute periods since noon and move that many divisions to the left of the Sun sign on the sky shart.
Some planets are visible during the day, Venus and Mars, are possible. Some have reported seeing Mercury, but it is awfully close to the Sun and eye injuries are possible anytime you view the sky while the Sun is still visible. On the other hand, the Moon, which is easy to see during the daylight, is seldom noticed. With a little effort you can be one of the few to see a planet during the day. Try Venus when it is at its maximum distance from the Sun. The next date for the maximum elongation of Venus is November 3, 2005. On that date, Venus will be about 45-degrees East of the Sun. So, at about 3pm to 4pm local time it should be nearly due south and as high in the sky as the Sun was at noon. (March 25, 2006, June 9 and October 28, 2007)
All the planets shown here are visible on a clear night when they are far enough away from the Sun.
Planets close to the Sun and to the right can be seen above the eastern horizon just before sunrise. Those close to the Sun and to the left can be seen above the western horizon just after sunset. Objects 18 divisions left or right of the Sun will be due south at midnight.
General Course Information
What Is Expected of each Student
What You Need,
Schedule, Grading, Rules, Organization, Tips for Success
Parents Open House .
Physics Labs List
Assignment Schedule Form
Reference Guide & Formula Sheet for Physics - 2006 Version
Reference Guide & Formula Sheet for Physics - Old Version
Supplementary Laboratory Documents and Assignments
Lab Handouts
Order of Labs may change from year to year, but the number scheme remains the same. In a typical year we complete 22 to 24 of these labs.
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Precision and Accuracy
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More Practice with Vernier Scales
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A Micrometer
Many Routes to the Solution of One Problem
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Lab 23
Law of Strings.
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Lab-28 (Light Bulbs)
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Lab 26
Energy in Orbits Simulation.
Link Find the Most Nearly Circular Orbital Velocity
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Find the Minimum Orbital Velocity
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Explore the Solar System - Interactive Solar System from NASA
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Solar System Simulation
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Orbiting Binary Star System
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Orbit Simulator - Period and Altitude
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Planets - Wandering Stars in the Solar System
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Lab-30 (Electrical Equivalent of Heat)
Solving a System of Equations using Matrix Arithmetic
Matrices for the TI-81 Calculator
Matrices for the TI-82 Calculator
Matrices for the TI-83 Family
Matrices for the TI-85 Calculator
Matrices for the TI-86 Calculator
Matrices for the TI-89 Calculator
Vectors - Polar-to-Rect and Rect-to-Polar Vector Conversions
Vectors on the TI-81 Calculator
Vectors on the TI-82 Calculator
Vectors on the TI-83 Family
Vectors on the TI-85 Calculator
Vectors on the TI-86 Calculator
Vectors on the TI-89 Calculator
Vector Addition
Vector Addition on the TI-81
Vector Addition on the TI-82
Vector Addition on the TI-83
Vector Addition on the TI-85
Vector Addition on the TI-86
Vector Addition on the TI-89
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Mathematical Preliminaries
A0000 -
Arithmetic Operations
A000 -
Exponents and Radicals
A00 -
Avoiding Common
Algebraic Errors
A0 -
Algebra
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Quadratic Equation Solver
A1 -
Exponents
A2 -
Powers of Ten &
Scientific Notation
A3 -
Logarithms &
Exponentials
A4 -
Equations &
Proportionalities
A5 -
Estimating &
Approximation
A6 -
Percent Error &
Percent Difference
B -
Geometry
C -
Trigonometry
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Right Triangle Solvers
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D -
Vectors
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Vector Addition
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Vector Addition Calculator
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Dimensions & Units
F -
Graphical Analysis I
Graphical Analysis II
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EZ Graph - Graphing Calculator
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On-line Graph Paper - Simple Grid
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Graph Paper Assortment -
Linear, Logrithmic & Semi-Logrithmic
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Print Free Graph Paper -
Cartesian, Engineering, Polar, Isometric (3D), Semi-logarithmic, Log-Log
Video Lectures for Physics
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The Mechanical Universe - 52 Video Lectures from Learner.org
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Three Lectures by Hans Bethe on the early history of Quantum Mechanics
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Powers of 10
Images covering 44 orders of magnitude cover the range
from deep intergalactic space to the inside of a single
nucleon inside the nucleus of an atom. From the original
movie by Charles and Ray Eames. (Available on DVD.)
Each images is discussed in detail in the accompanying text.
© 2006 Lucia Eames dba Eames Office
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Powers of 10
Images covering 39 orders of magnitude cover the range
from deep intergalactic space to the inside of a single
nucleon inside the nucleus of an atom.
© 1995-2007 by Michael W. Davidson and The Florida State University
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Free on-Line Physics Courses from MIT
Some have videos of lectures, and those may require that Real Media
Player be installed on your computer.
Here are direct links to the three potentially relevant MIT courses,
for Physics Students at Trinity Valley School, that include video lectures.
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35 Lectures on Classical Mechanics
delivered in 1999 by Professor Walter Lewin. Course Syllabus,
homework assignments, problems sets and solutions are all
included. The textbook used at MIT is not the one we use
for AP Physics at Trinity Valley School.
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36 Lectures on Electricity and Magnetism
delivered in 2002 by Professor Walter Lewin. Course Syllabus,
homework assignments, problems sets and solutions are all
included. The textbook used at MIT is not the one we use
for AP Physics at Trinity Valley School.
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23 Lectures on Vibrations and Waves
delivered in 2004 by Professor Walter Lewin. Course Syllabus,
homework assignments, problems sets and solutions are all
included. The textbooks used at MIT is not the ones we use
for AP Physics at Trinity Valley School.
Lesson Notes for Physics
Ancillaries
Chapter 1
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Sig. Figs. Self-Test
Units, Scientific Notation, Sig Figs
Extended Notes on Units, Scientific Notation, Sig Figs
Estimating, Precision and Unit Conversion
Extended Notes on Estimating, Precision and Unit Conversion
Chapter 2
Chapter 1 Introduction, Measurement, Estimating
1-1 The Nature of Science
1-2 Physics and its Relation to Other Fields
1-3 Models, Theories, and Laws
1-4 Measurement and Uncertainty
1-5 Units, Standards, and the SI System
Working with Units
1-6 Converting Units
1-7 Order of Magnitude: Rapid Estimating
Estimating & Approximation
*1-8 Dimensions and Dimensional Analysis
#FF1111
Chapter 2 Describing Motion: Kinematics in One Dimension
2-1 Reference Frames and Displacement
2-2 Average Velocity
2-3 Instantaneous Velocity
2-4 Acceleration
2-5 Motion at Constant Acceleration
2-6 Solving Problems
2-7 Falling Objects
*2-8 Graphical Analysis of Linear Motion
34 - Colors, Wavelengths
Light - Color, Wavelength & Frequency
Cosmological Red Shift, Speed and Distance to Galaxies
67 - Prisms, Total Internal Reflection .
Link Rainbow Applet
Link Double Rainbow Pictures
Link Supernumerary
Rainbows
Link Rainbow from the air
Link Double Rainbow from the air
Link Light through a Prism
Link Light through a Prism
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Chapter 3
Vectors Part 1
Vectors Part 2
Exercises with Vectors
Link Vector Basics
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Vector Addition
Chapter 4
Chapter 3 Kinematics in Two Dimensions: Vectors
3-1 Vectors and Scalars
3-2 Addition of Vectors - Graphical Methods
3-3 Subtraction of Vectors, and Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar
3-4 Adding Vectors by Components
3-5 Projectile Motion
3-6 Solving Problems Involving Projectile Motion
*3-7 Projectile Motion is Parabolic
*3-8 Relative Velocity
Chapter 4 Dynamics: Newtons's Laws of Motion
4-1 Force
4-2 Newton's First Law of Motion
4-3 Mass
4-4 Newton's Second Law of Motion
4-5 Newton's Third Law of Motion
4-6 Weight - the Force of Gravity; and the Normal Force
4-7 Solving Problems with Newton's Laws: Free-Body Diagrams
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Atwood's Machine
4-8 Solving Problems with Friction, Inclines
4-9 Solving Problems - A General Approach
Ancillaries
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 5 Circular Motion
5-1 Kinematics of Uniform Circular Motion
5-2 Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion
5-3 Highway Curves, Banked and Unbanked
*5-4 NonUniform Circular Motion
*5-5 Centrifugation
5-6 Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
5-7 Gravity Near the Earth's Surface: Geophysical Applications
5-8 Satellites and "Weightlessness"
*5-9 Kepler's Laws and Newton;s Synthesis
5-10 Types of Forces in Nature
Chapter 6 Work and Energy
6-1 Work Done by a Constant Force
*6-2 Work Done by a Varying Force
6-3 Kinetic Energy and the Work Energy Principle
6-4 Potential Energy
6-5 Conservative and non-Conservative Forces
6-6 Mechnical Energy and its conservation
6-7 Problem Solving Using Conservation of Mechanical Energy
6-8 Other Forms of Energy:Energy Transformations and the Law of Conservation of Energy
6-9 Energy Conservation with Dissipative Forces: Solving Problems
6-10 Power
36 - Archimedes Principle
69 - Converging Lenses, Diverging Lenses
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Link Optics Demo - One Converging Lens - 1 Virtual Image
Link Optics Demo - Two Converging Lenses - 2 Real Images
Link Optics Demo - Two Converging Lenses - 1 Virtual and 1 Real Image
Link Optics Demo - Two Converging Lenses - 1 Real and 1 Virtual Image
Link Ray Tracing Applet for Lenses and Mirrors
Ancillaries
Chapter 7
Chapter 7
Chapter 7 Linear Momentum
7-1 Momentum and Its Relation to Force
7-2 Conservation of Momentum
7-3 Collisions and Impulse
7-4 Conservation of Energy and Momentum in Collisions
7-5 Elastic Collisions in One Dimension
7-6 Inelastic Collisions
*7-7 Collisions in Two or Three Dimensions
7-8 Center of Mass (CM)
*7-9 CM for the Human Body
*7-10 CM and Translational Motion
Chapter 8 Rotational Motion
8-1 Angular Quantities
8-2 Constant Angular Acceleration
8-3 Rolling Motion (Without Slipping)
8-4 Torque
8-5 Rotational Dynamics: Torque and Rotational Inertia
8-6 Solving Problems in Rotational Dynamics
8-7 Rotational Kinetic Energy
8-8 Angular Momentum and Its Conservation
*8-9 Vector Nature of Angular Quantities
04 - Reference Frames, Average Speed and Velocity, Mass, Weight, Density
Vectors Part 3
Link Inertial Reference Frames
37 - Electric Charge, Current, Voltage, Ohm's Law, Resistivity
Units in Electricity
Link Electric Field Lines
Link Ohm's Law, Voltmeter, Ammeter
70 - Fundamental Forces, Static Charge, Induced Charge Separation
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Induced Charge in a Metal Bar
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Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 9 Static Equilibrium: Elasticity and Fracture
9-1 Conditions for Equilibrium
9-2 Solving Statics Problems
*9-3 Applicatons to Muscles and Joints
9-4 Stability and Balance
*9-5 Elasticity, Stress, and Strain
*9-6 Fracture
*9-7 Spaning a Space: Arches and Domes
Chapter 10 Fluids
10-1 Phases of Matter
10-2 Density and Specific Gravity
10-3 Pressure in Fluids
10-4 Atmospheric Pressure and Gauge Pressure
10-5 Pascal's Principle
10-6 Measurement of Pressure; Gauges and the Barometer
10-7 Buoyancy and Archimedes' Principle
Galileo's Thermometer
10-8 Fluids in Motion; Flow Rate; the Equation of Continuity
Fluid Concepts
10-9 Bernoulli's Equation
Derivation of Bernoulli's Equation
10-10 Applications of Bernoulli's Principle: from Torricelle to Airplanes, Baseballs and TIA
*10-11 Viscosity
*10-12 Flow in Tubes: Poiseuille's Equation, Blood Flow
*10-13 Surface Tension and Capillarity
*10-14 Pumps and the Heart
05 - Vector Equations, Forces in Equilibrium
Forces in Equilibrium
Ancillaries
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 11 Vibrations and Waves
11-1 Simple Harmonic Motion
11-2 Energy in the Simple Harmonic Oscillator
11-3 The Period and Sinusoidal Nature of SHM
11-4 The Simple Pendulum
11-5 Damped Harmonic Motion
11-6 Forced Vibrations; Resonance
11-7 Wave Motion
11-8 Types of Waves: Transverse and Longitudinal
11-9 Energy Transported by Waves
*11-10 Intensity Related to Amplitude and Frequency
11-11 Reflection and Transmission of Waves
11-12 Interference;Principle of Superposition
11-13 Standing Waves; Resonance
*11-14 Refraction
*11-15 Diffraction
*11-16 Mathematical Representation of a Traveling Wave
Chapter 12 Sound
12-1 Characteristics of Sound
12-2 Intensity of Sound: Decibels (1 /10 th Bel)
*12-3 The Ear and Its Response; Loudness
12-4 Sources of Sound: Vibrating Strings and Air Columns
*12-5 Quality of Sound and Noise; Superposition
12-6 Inteference of Sound waves; Beats
12-7 Doppler Effect
Speed of Sound
Doppler Shift
Derivation of Doppler Shift Eqn
*12-8 Shock Waves and the Sonic Boom
*12-9 Applications: Sonar, Ultrasound, and Medical Imaging
06 - Matter and Temperature
Temperature and Kinetic Energy
72 - Sinusoidal Motion, Circuit Analysis II
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Sinusoidal Motion
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Sinusoidal Motion of a spring
Ancillaries
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 13 Temperature and Kinetic Theory
13-1 Atomic Theory of Matter
13-2 Temperature and Thermometers
*13-3 Thermal Equilibrium and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
13-4 Thermal Expansion
*13-5 Thermal Stresses
13-6 The Gas Laws and Absolute Temperature
13-7 The Ideal Gas Law
13-8 Problem Solving with the Ideal Gas Law
13-9 Ideal Gas Law in Terms of Molecules: Avogadro's Number
Derivation of Bernoulli's Equation
13-10 Kinetic Theory and the Molecular Interpretation of Temperature
*13-11 Distribution of Molecular Speeds
*13-12 Real Gases and Changes of Phase
*13-13 Vapor Pressure and Humidity
*13-14 Diffusion
Chapter 14 Heat
14-1 Simple Harmonic Motion
14-2 Energy in the Simple Harmonic Oscillator
14-3 The Period and Sinusoidal Nature of SHM
14-4 The Simple Pendulum
14-5 Damped Harmonic Motion
14-6 Forced Vibrations; Resonance
14-7 Wave Motion
14-8 Types of Waves: Transverse and Longitudinal
07 - Linear Motion, VAve & aAve
Linear Motion, Average Velocity, and Average Acceleration
73 - Traveling Waves, Doppler Effect
Ancillaries
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 15 The Laws of Thermodynamics
15-1 The First Law of Thermodynamics
15-2 Thermodynamic Processes and the First Law
*15-3 Human Metabolism and the First Law
15-4 Second Law of Thermodynamics - Introduction
15-5 Heat Engines
The Mystery of Efficiency
15-6 Refrigerators, Air Conditioners, and Heat Pumps
15-7 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
15-8 Order and Disorder
15-9 Unavailability of Energy; Heat Death
*15-10 Evolution and Growth; "Time's Arrow"
*15-11 Statistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second Law
*15-12 Thermal Pollution and Global Warming
Chapter 16 Electric Charge and Electric Field
16-1 Static Electricity; Electric Charge and Its Conservation
16-2 Electric Charge in the Atom
16-3 Insulators and Conductors
16-4 Induced Charge; The Electroscope
16-5 Coulomb's Law
16-6 Solving Problems Involving Coulomb's Law and Vectors
16-7 The Electric Field 's
16-8 Field Lines
16-9 Electric Fields and Conductors
16-10 Gauss's Law
16-11 Electric Forces in Molecular Biology: DNA Structure and Replication
16-12 Photocopy Machines and Computer Printers Use Electrostatics
08 - Friction
Friction
74 - Heat Engines, 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Ancillaries
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapter 17 Electric Potential
17-1 Electric Potential Energy and Potential Difference
17-2 Relation between Electric Potential and Electric Field
17-3 Equipotential Lines
17-4 The Electron Volt, a unit of Energy
17-5 Electric Potential Due to Point Charges
17-6 Potential Due to Electric Dipole
17-7 Capacitance
17-8 Dielectrics
17-9 Storage of Electric Energy
17-10 Cathode Ray Tube; TV and Computer Monitors, Oscilloscope
17-11 The Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
Chapter 18 Electric Currents
18-1 The Electric Battery
18-2 Electric Current
18-3 Ohm's Law: Resistance and Resistors
18-4 Resistivity
18-5 Electric Power
18-6 Power in Household Circuits
18-7 Alternating Current
18-8 Microscopic View of Electric Current
18-9 Superconductivity
18-10 Electric Conduction in the Human Nervous System
09 -Torque
Torque
Ancillaries
Chapter 19 DC Circuits
19-1 EMF and Terminal Voltage
19-2 Resistors in Series and in Parallel
19-3 Kirchhoff's Rules
19-4 EMFs in Series and in Parallel;Charging a Battery
19-5 Circuits Containing Capacitors in Series and in Parallel
19-6 RC Circuits - Resistors and Capacitors in Series
19-7 Electric Hazards
19-8 Ammeters and Voltmeters
Chapter 20 Magnetism
20-1 Magnets and Magnetic Fields
20-2 Electric Currents Produce Magnetic Fields
20-3 Force on and Electric Current in a Magnetic Field: Definition of Magnetic Field
20-4 Force on Electric Charge Moving in a Magnetic Field
20-5 Magnetic Field Due to a Long Straight Wire
20-6 Force Between Two Parallel Wires
20-7 Solenoids and Electromagnets
20-8 Ampere's Law
20-9 Torque on a Current Loop; Magnetic Moment
20-10 Applications: Galvanometers, Motors, Loudspeakers
20-11 Mass Spectrometer
20-12 Ferrormagnetism: Domains and Hysteresis
11 - Galileo and Newton
Newton's Laws of Motion
Ancillaries
Chapter 21 Electromagnetic Induction and Faraday's Law
21-1 Induced EMF
21-2 Faraday's Law of Induction; Lenz's Law
Lenz's Law and RHR's
21-3 EMF Induced in a Moving Conductor
21-4 Changing Magnetic Flux Produced an Electric Field
21-5 Electric Generators
21-6 Back EMF and Counter Torque; Eddy Currents
21-7 Transformers and Transmission of Power
21-8 Applications of Induction: Sound Systems, Computer Memory, Seismograph, GFCI
21-9 Inductance
21-10 Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field
21-11 LR Circuit
21-12 AC Circuits and Reactance
21-13 LRC Series AC Circuit
21-14 Resonance in AC Circuits
Chapter 22 Electromagnetic Waves
22-1 Changing Electric Fields Produce Magnetic Fields; Maxwell's Equations
22-2 Production of Electromagnetic Waves
22-3 Light as an Electromagnetic Wave and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
22-4 Measuring the Speed of Light
22-5 Energy in EM Waves
22-6 Momentum Transfer and Radiation Pressure
22-7 Radio and Television; Wireless Communication
10 -Motion Graphs
Motion Graphs
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Position and Velocity Graphs
44 -Mechanical Waves, Superposition, Reflection, Speed along a String
Link Transverse and Longitudinal Waves
Link Constructive and Destructive Interference
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Constructive Interference
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Destructive Interference
Link Superposition of Waves
Link Superposition of Waves and Beats between Waves
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Sound Beats
Link Interference between Two Point sources
Link Reflection and Refraction
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Reflection
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Transverse Wave
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Transverse Wave
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Transverse Standing Wave
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Longitudinal Wave
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Longitudinal Wave
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Longitudinal Standing Wave
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Vibrating String
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Waves with Animations on Zona
Ancillaries
Chapter 23 Light: Geometric Optics
23-1 The Ray Model of Light
23-2 Reflection;Image Formation by a Plane Mirror
23-3 Formation of Images by Spherical Mirrors
23-4 Index of Refraction
23-5 Refraction: Snell's Law
23-6 Total Internal Reflection
23-7 Thin Lenses; Ray Tracing
23-8 The Thin Lens Equation; Magnification
23-9 Combinations of Lenses
23-10 The Lensmakers Equation
Chapter 24 The Wave Nature of Light
24-1 Waves and Particles; Huygen's Principle and Diffraction
24-2 Huygen's Principle and the Law of Refraction
24-3 Interference - Young's Double Slit Experiment
Link Classic Two-Slit Experiment
24-4 The Visible Spectrum and Dispersion
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Link Regions of the Electromagnetic Spectrum
24-5 Diffraction by a Single Slit or Disk
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Fresnel Diffraction
24-6 Diffraction Grating
24-7 The Spectrometer and Spectrometry
24-8 Interference by Thin Films
24-9 Michelson Interferometer
24-10 Polarization
24-11 Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD)
24-12 Scatering of Light by the Atmosphere
12 - Work, Power, Energy
Work, Power, and Internal Energy
45 - Projectile Motion, Motion of Center of Mass
Link Projectile Motion- 1 Cannon
Link Projectile Motion- 2 Cannons
Link Projectile Motion-Many an once
78 - Resonance Frequency, Standing Waves, Beat Frequency
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Link Transverse and Longitudinal Waves
Link Constructive and Destructive Interference
Link Superposition of Waves
Link Superposition of Waves and Beats between Waves
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Adding Waves
Link Interference between Two Point sources
Link Reflection and Refraction
Ancillaries
Chapter 25 Optical Instruments
25-1 Cameras, Film and Digital
25-2 The Human Eye; Corrective Lenses
25-3 Magnifying Glass
25-4 Telescopes
25-5 Compound Microscope
25-6 Aberrations of Lenses and Mirrors
25-7 Limits of Resolution; Circular Apertures
25-8 Resolution of Telescopes and Microscopes; the λ Limit
25-9 Resolution of the Human Eye and Useful Magnification
25-10 Specialty Microscopes and Contrast
25-11 X-Rays and X-Ray Diffraction
25-12 X-Ray Imaging and Computed Tomography (CT Scan)
Chapter 26 The Special Theory of Relativity
26-1 Galilean-Newtonian Relativity
26-2 Postulates of Special Relativity
26-3 Simultaneity
26-4 Time Dilation and the Twin Paradox
26-5 Length Contraction
26-6 Four-Dimensional Space-Time
26-7 Relativistic Momentum and Mass
26-8 The Ulimate Speed
26-9 E = mc2 ; Mass and Energy
26-10 Relativistic Addition of Velocities
26-11 The Impact of Special Relativity
13 - Instantaneous v and a
Linear Motion Instantaneous Velocity Instantaneous Acceleration
46 - Circular Motion II
Uniform Circular Motion, Centripetal Force, and Centripetal Acceleration
79 - Thermodynamic States, Carnot Cycle
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Carnot Engine
Ancillaries
Chapter 27 Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom
27-1 Discovery and Properties of the Electron
27-2 Planck's Quantum Hypothesis; Blackbody Radiation
27-3 Photon Theory of Light and the Photoelectric Effect
27-4 Energy, Mass, and Momentum of a Photon
27-5 Compton Effect
27-6 Photon Enteractions; Pair Production
27-7 Wave-Particle Duality; the Principle of Complementarity
27-8 Wave Nature of Matter
27-9 Electron Microscopes
27-10 Early Models of the Atom
27-11 Atomic Spectra: Key to the Structure of the Atom
27-12 The Bohr Model
27-13 de Broglie's Hypothesis Applied to Atoms
Chapter 28 Quantum Mechanics of Atoms
28-1 Quantum Mechanics - A New Theory
28-2 The Wave Function and Its Interpretation
28-3 The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
28-4 Philosophic Implications; Probability versus Determinism
28-5 Quantum Mechanical View of Atoms
28-6 Quantum Mechanics of the Hydrogen Atom; Quantum Numbers
28-7 Complex Atoms; the Exclusion Principle
28-8 The Periodic Table of Elements
28-9 X-Ray Spectra and Atomic Number
28-10 Fluorescence and Phosphorescence
28-11 Lasers
28-12 Holography
47 - Kirchhoff's Laws
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Wheatstone Bridge
80 - Electric Fields, Electron Volts
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Charged Particle in an Electric Field
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Electric Field - Vector Field
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Lines of Force
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Electric Field and Electric Potential
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Equipotential Lines
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Electrostatic Potential
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Electric Field, Electric Potential, and Potential Gradient
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Electric Fields and Electric Potential
Ancillaries
Chapter 29 Molecules and Solids
29-1 Bonding in Molecules
29-2 Potential Energy Diagrams for Molecules
29-3 Weak (van der Waals) bonds
29-4 Molecular Spectra
29-5 Bonding in Solids
29-6 Band Theory of Solids
29-7 Semiconductors and Doping
29-8 Semiconductor Diodes
29-9 Transistors and Integrated Circuits
Chapter 30 Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity
30-1 Structure and Properties of the Nucleus
30-2 Binding Energy and Nuclear Forces